Fungal Infections

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  2. Anon.  Wide variety of topical treatments for tinea infections.  Drugs Ther Perspect 1999;13:10-3.
  3. Anon. Antifungal drugs. Med Lett Treatment Guidelines 2009;7:95-102.
  4. Anon.  Drugs for vulvovaginal candidiasis.  Med Lett 2001;43:3-4.
  5. Berker D.  Fungal nail disease.  N Engl J Med 2009;360:2108-16.
  6. Bourlond A, Lachapelle JM, Aussems J, et al.  Double-blind comparison of itraconazole with griseofulvin in the treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Int J Dermatol 1989;28:410-2.
  7. Bow EJ, Evans G, Fuller J, et al.  Canadian clinical practice guidelines for invasive candidiasis in adults.  Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2010;21:122-50.
  8. Brautigam M, Nolting S, Schopf RE, et al.  German randomized double-blind multicentre comparison of terbinafine and itraconazole for the treatment of toenail tinea infection.  Br J Dermatol 1996;134:18-21.
  9. Breazzano MP, Day HR Jr, Bloch KC, et al. Utility of ophthalmologic screening for patients with Candida bloodstream infections: a systematic review. JAMA Ophthalmol. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0733  
  10. Brown, SJ.  Efficacy of fluconazole for the treatment of onychomycosis.  Ann Pharmacother 2009;43:1684-91.
  11. Chapman SW, Bradsher RW, Campbell, Jr GD, et al.  Practice guidelines for the management of patients with blastomycosis.  Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:679-83.
  12. Chapman SW, Dismukes WE, Proia LA, et al.  Clinical practice guidelines for the management of blastomycosis:  2008 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.  Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1801-12.
  13. Cox GM, Perfect JR.  Fungal rhinosinusitis.  Up-to-Date 2010.  Accessed May 16, 2012.
  14. Crissey JT.  Common dermatophyte infections.  Postgrad Med 1998;103:191-205.
  15. De Backer M, De Keyser P, De Vroey P, et al.  A 12-week treatment for dermatophyte toe onychomycosis: terbinafine 250mg/day vs. itraconazole 200mg/day – a double blind comparative trial.  Br J Dermatol 1996;134:16-7.
  16. Delescluse J.  Itraconazole in tinea versicolor: a review.  J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:551-4.
  17. Denning DW.  Invasive aspergillosis.  Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:781-805.
  18. Deresinski S. Candidemia: Does every patient need a complete retinal examination by an ophthalmologist? Editorial-In the Literature Clin Infect Dis 2019;69:iii. https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/69/8/iii/5574695
  19. Dragos V, Lunder M.  Lack of efficacy of 6 week treatment with oral terbinafine for tinea capitis due to Microsporum canis in children.  Pediatr Dermatol 1997;14:46-8.
  20. Drake LA, Dinehart SM, Farmer ER, et al.  Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin:  tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea faciei, tinea manuum, and tinea pedis.  J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;34:282-6.
  21. Drake LA, Dinehart SM, Farmer ER, et al.  Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin:  pityriasis (tinea) versicolor.  J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;34:287-9.
  22. Drake LA, Dinehart SM, Farmer ER, et al.  Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin: tinea capitis and tinea barbae.  J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;34:290-4.
  23. Edwards JEJ, Bodey GP, Bowden RA, et al.  International conference for the development of a consensus on the management and prevention of severe candidal infections.  Clin Infect Dis 1997;25:43-59.
  24. Filho ST, Cuce LC, Foss NT.  Efficacy, safety and tolerability of terbinafine for tinea capitis in children:  Brazilian multicentric study with daily oral tablets for 1,2, and 4 weeks.  J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1998;11:141-6.
  25. Fisher JF.  Infections - epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnoses, and treatment:  Executive summary.  Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:429-32.
  26. Fisher JF, Sobel JD, Kauffman CA, et al.  Candida urinary tract infections - treatment.  Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:457-66.
  27. Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Blair JE, et al.  Coccidioidomycosis.  Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:1217-23.
  28. Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Catanzaro A, et al.  Practice guidelines for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis.  Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:658-61.
  29. Griswold M, Briceland L, Stein D.  Is amphotericin B test dosing needed?  Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:475-77.
  30. Gruseck E, Splanemann V, Bleck O, et al.  Oral terbinafine in tinea capitis in children.  Mycoses 1996;39:237-40.
  31. Gupta AK, Einarson TR, Summerbell RC, et al.  An overview of topical antifungal therapy in dermatomycoses.  Drugs 1998;55:645-74.
  32. Hernanz A, Gomez SL, Lastra FG, et al.  A comparative double-blind study of terbinafine (Lamisil) and griseofulvin in tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Clin Exp Dermatol 1990;15:210-6.
  33. Hickman JG.  A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of short-term treatment with oral itraconazole in patients with tinea versicolor.  J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;34:785-7.
  34. Hofmann H, Brautigam M, Weidinger G, et al.  Treatment of toenail onychomycosis: a randomized, double-blind study with terbinafine and griseofulvin.  Arch Dermatol 1995;131:919-22.
  35. Izumikawa K, Takazono T, Kohno S.  Chronic aspergillus infections of the respiratory tract:  diagnosis, management and antifungal resistance.  Curr Opin Infect Dis 2010;28:584-9.
  36. Johnson MD, MacDougall C, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, et al.  Combination antifungal therapy.  Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48:693-715.
  37. Kauffman CA, Bustamante B, Chapman SW, et al.  Clinical practice guidelines for the management of sporotrichosis:  2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.  Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:1255-65.
  38. Kauffman CA, Hajjeh R, Chapman SW.  Practice guidelines for the management of patients with sporotrichosis.  Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30:684-7.
  39. Kim BJ. Utility of ophthalmic consultations for patients with candidemia. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019;137:698-710. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30998822/

  40. Kulberg BJ, Verweij PE, Akova M, et al.  European expert opinion on the management of invasive candidiasis in adults.  Clin Microbiol Infect 2011;17:1-12.
  41. Lachapelle JM, DeDoncker P, Tennstedt D, et al.  Itraconazole compared with griseofulvin in the treatment of tinea corporis/cruris and tinea pedis/manus: an interpretation of the clinical results of all completed double-blind studies with respect to the pharmacokinetic profile.  Dermatology 1992;184:45-50.
  42. Laupland KB, Gregson DB, Church DL, et al.  Invasive Candida species infections:  a 5 year population-based assessment.  J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;56:532-7.
  43. Legendre R, Esola-Macre J.  Itraconazole in the treatment of tinea capitis.  J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:559-60.
  44. Lewis RE, Klepser ME.  The changing face of nosocomial candidemia:  epidemiology, resistance, and drug therapy.  Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1999;56:525-36.
  45. Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA et al.  An official American Thoracic Society statement:  treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:96-128.
  46. Marr KA, Boeckh M, Carter RA, et al.  Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis.  Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:797-802.
  47. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, et al.  Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis:  2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.  Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:503-35.
  48. Pappas PG, Rex JH, Sobel JD, et al.  Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis.  Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:161-89.
  49. Pappas PG, Rotstein CMF, Betts RF, et al.  Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis.  Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:883-93.
  50. Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP, et al.  Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group.  Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1813-21.
  51. Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F, et al.  Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease:  2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.  Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:291-322.
  52. Restrepo A, Robledo J, Gomez I, et al.  Itraconazole therapy in lymphangitic and cutaneous sporotrichosis.  Arch Dermatol 1986;122:413-7.
  53. Rex JH, Bennett JE, Sugar AM, et al.  A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia.  N Engl J Med 1994;331:1325-30.
  54. Rex JH, Pappas PG, Karchmer AW, et al.  A randomized and blinded trial of high-dose fluconazole plus placebo versus fluconazole plus amphotericin B as therapy for candidemia and its consequences in nonneutropenic subjects. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1221-8.
  55. Saag MS, Graybill RJ, Larsen RA, et al.  Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease.  Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:710-8.
  56. Schwartz S, Ruhnke M, Ribaud P, et al.  Improved outcome in central nervous system aspergillosis, using voriconazole treatment.  Blood 2005;106:2641-5.
  57. Segal BH.  Aspergillosis.  N Engl J Med 2009;360:1870-84.
  58. Segal BH, Walsh TJ.  Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;173:707-17.
  59. Sharkey-Mathis PK, Kauffman CA, Graybill JR, et al.  Treatment of sporotrichosis with itraconazole.  Am J Med 1993;95:279-85.
  60. Sheehan DJ, Hitchcock CA, Sibley CM.  Current and emerging azole antifungal agents.  Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:40-79.
  61. Sobel JD.  Practice guidelines for the treatment of fungal infections.  Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:652.
  62. Stevens DA, Kan VL, Judson MA, et al.  Practice guidelines for diseases caused by Aspergillus.  Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:696-709.
  63. Stevens DA, Kan VL, Judson MA, et al.  Practice guidelines for diseases caused by Aspergillus.  Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:696-709.
  64. Tom CM, Kane MP.  Management of toenail onychomycosis.  Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1999;56:865-71.
  65. Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, et al.  Treatment of aspergillosis:  clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.  Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:327-60.
  66. Wheat LJ, Freifeld AG, Kleiman MB, et al.  Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis:  2007 update by the Infectious Dieases Society of America.  Clin Infect Dis 2007:45:807-25.
  67. Wheat J, Sarosi G, McKinsey D, et al.  Practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis.  Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:688-95.
  68. Yamamura DLR, Rotstein C, Nicolle LE, et al.  Candidemia at selected Canadian sites: results from the Fungal Disease Registry, 1992-1994.  CMAJ 1999;160:493-9.

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

  1. Krajicik BJ, Thomas CF, Limper AH.  Pneumocystis pneumonia:  current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.  Clin Chest Med 2009:30;265-78.