Alffenaar JWC, vanAltena R, Bokkerink HJ, et al. Pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:1080-2.
Barling RWA, Selkon JB. The penetration of antibiotics into cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue. J Antimicrob Chemother 1978;4:203-27.
Bellmann R. Clinical pharmacokinetics of systemically administered antimycotics. Curr Clin Pharmacol 2007;2:37-58.
Blumer JL, Reed MD, Knupp C. Review of the pharmacokinetics of cefepime in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:337–42.
Boak LM, Li J, Spelman D, et al. Successful treatment and cerebrospinal fluid penetration of oral linezolid in a patient with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus ventriculitis. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:1451-5.
Calcagno A, Baietto L, De Rosa FG, et al. Posaconazole cerebrospinal concentrations in an HIV-infected patient with brain mucormycosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66:224-5.
Cascio A, Conti A, Sinardi L, et al. Post-neurosurgical multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis successfully treated with intrathecal colistin. A new case and a systematic review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14:e572-9.
Chavez-Bueno S, McCracken GH. Bacterial meningitis in children. Pediatr Clin N Am 2005;52:795-810.
Chen JL, Orsini J, Killu C. Poor central nervous system penetration of tigecycline in a patient with sepsis and ventriculitis caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Pharm Technol 2007;23:344-8.
Cottagnoud P, Stucki A, Accosta F, et al. Ceftaroline is superior to cefepime against a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in an experimental rabbit meningitis model. Clin Microbiol Inf 2010;16:S456.
Cottagnoud P, Tauber MG. Fluoroquinolones in the treatment of meningitis. Current Infectious Disease Reports 2003;5:329-36.
Cunha BA, ed. Antibiotic essentials. Royal Oak, Michigan: Physicians' Press. 2002.
Destache CJ, Pakiz CB, Larsen C, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid penetration and pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in an experimental rabbit meningitis model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;47:611-15.
Ellis JM, Rivera L, Reyes G, et al. Cefepime cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in neonatal bacterial meningitis [2]. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:900-1.
Flaherty JF. Central nervous system infections. In: Young LY, Koda-Kimble M, eds. Applied Therapeutics. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc. 1995;56:1-23.
Florea NR, Kuti JL, Quintiliani R. Voriconazole: a novel azole antifungal. Formulary 2002:37:389-99.
Gilbert DN, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM, eds. The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy 2012. Sperryville, VA: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc. 2012.
Gorbach SL, Mensa J, Gatell JM. 1999 pocket book of antimicrobial therapy & prevention. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams & Wilkins 1999.
Groll AH, Gea-Banacloche JC, Glasmacher A, et al. Clinical pharmacology of antifungal compounds. Infect Dis Clin N Am 2003;17:159-91.
Guardado AR, Blanco A, Asensi V, et al. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter meningitis in neurosurgical patients with intraventricular catheters: assessment of different treatments. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;61:908-13.
Hart D, Weinstein MP. Cross-over assessment of serum bactericidal activity of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin versus penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy volunteers. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007;58:375-8.
Hope WW, Mickiene D, Petraitis V, et al. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in experimental hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis: implications for echinocandin therapy in neonates. J Infect Dis 2008;197:163-71.
Johnson LB, Kauffman CA. Voriconazole: a new triazole antifungal agent. Clin Infect Dis 2003:36:630-7.
Kanellakopoulou K, Pagoulatou A, Stroumpoulis K, et al. Pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in non-inflamed cerebrospinal fluid of humans: implication for a bactericidal effect. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;61:1328-31.
Kethireddy S, Andes D. CNS pharmacokinetics of antifungal agents. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007;3:573-81.
Kullar R, Chin JN, Edwards DJ, Parker D, Coplin WM, Rybak MJ. Pharmacokinetics of single-dose daptomycin in patients with suspected or confirmed neurological infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:3505-9.
Lat A, Thompson III GR, Rinaldi MG, et al. Micafungin concentrations from brain tissue and pancreatic pseudocyst fluid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54: 943-4.
Le J, Bookstaver PB, Rudisill CN, et al. Treatment of meningitis caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: high-dose and combination daptomycin therapy. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44:2001-6.
Lengerke C, Haap M, Mayer F, et al. Low tigecycline concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of a neutropenic patient with inflamed meninges. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:449-50.
Lodise TP, Rhoney DH, Tam VH, et al. Pharmacodynamic profiling of cefepime in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of hospitalized patients with external ventriculostomies. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;54:223-30.
Lorian V. Antibiotics in laboratory medicine. 4th ed. Williams and Wilkins 1996.
Lutsar I, McCracken GH, Friedland IR. Antibiotic pharmacodynamics in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:1117-29.
Lutsar I, Roffey S, Troke P. Voriconazole concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue of guinea pigs and immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:728-32.
Madaras-Kelly KJ, Ostergaard BE, Rotschafer JC. Central nervous system infections. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al, eds. Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange 1997:1971-94.
Mandell GL, Bennett JE, and Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s principles & practice of infectious diseases. 7th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone Inc. 2009.
Margetis K, Dimaraki E, Charkoftaki G, et al. Penetration of intact blood-brain barrier by doripenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:3637-8.
Markantonis SL, Markou N, Fousteri M, et al. Penetration of colistin into cerebrospinal fluid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:4907-10.
Michalopoulos AS, Falagas ME. Colistin: recent data on pharmacodynamics properties and clinical efficacy in critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care 2011;1:30-5.
Nau R, Prange HW, Muth P, et al. Passage of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone into cerebrospinal fluid of patients with uninflamed meninges. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:1518-24.
Nau R, Sorgel F, Eiffert H. Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010;23:858-83.
Nau R, Sorgel F, Prange HW. Pharmacokinetic optimization of the treatment of bacterial central nervous system infections. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998;35:223-45.
Norrby R. A review of the penetration of antibiotics into CSF and its clinical significance. Scand J Infect Dis 1978;14:296-309.
Ntziora F, Falagas ME. Linezolid for the treatment of patients with central nervous system infection. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:296-308.
Okugawa S, Ota Y, Tatsuno K, et al. A case of invasive central nervous system aspergillosis treated with micafungin with monitoring of micafungin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. Scand J Infect Dis 2007;39:344-6.
Pitisuttithum P, Negroni R, Graybill JR, et al. Activity of posaconazole in the treatment of central nervous system fungal infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;56:745-55.
Proia LA, Tenorio AR. Successful use of voriconazole for treatment of Coccidioides meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48:2341.
Ray L, Levasseur K, Nicolau DP, et al. Cerebral spinal fluid penetration of tigecycline in a patient with Acinetobacter baumannii cerebritis. Ann Pharmacother 2010; 44:582-6.
Reinwald M, Uharek L, Lampe D, et al. Limited penetration of posaconazole into cerebrospinal fluid in an allogeneic stem cell recipient with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009;44:269-70.
Rhoney DH, Tam VH, Parker J, et al. Disposition of cefepime in the central nervous system of patients with external ventricular drains. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23: 310-4.
Riser MS, Bland CM, Rudisill CN, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of high-dose daptomycin in suspected Staphylococcus aureus meningitis. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44:1832-5.
Rodvold KA, Gotfried MH, Cwik M, et al. Serum, tissue and body fluid concentrations of tigecycline after a single 100 mg dose. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;58: 1221-9.
Ruping MJGT, Albermann N, Ebinger F, et al. Posaconazole concentrations in the central nervous system. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;62:1468-70.
Schwartz S, Milatovic D, Thiel E. Successful treatment of cerebral aspergillosis with a novel triazole (voriconazole) in a patient with acute leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1991;97:663-5.
Sejvar JJ, Tenover SC, Stephens DS. Management of anthrax meningitis. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:287-95.
Sinner SW, Tunkell AR. Antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Infect Dis Clin N Am 2004;18:581-602.
Stucki A, Cottagnoud M, Acosta F, et al. Evaluation of ceftobiprole activity against a variety of gram-negative pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (ß-lactamase positive and ß-lactamase negative), and Klebsiella pneumoniae, in a rabbit meningitis model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56:921-5 doi:10.1128/AAC.01537-10.
Wang J, Wang Q, Zhao L, et al. Blood-brain barrier penetration of cefepime after neurosurgery. Chin Med J 2007;120:1176-8.
Zeana C, Kubin CJ, Della-Latta P, et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium meningitis successfully managed with linezolid: case report and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:477-82.
